This is the defclass-std Reference Manual, version 0.1.1, generated automatically by Declt version 4.0 beta 2 "William Riker" on Sun Jun 15 05:20:02 2025 GMT+0.
The main system appears first, followed by any subsystem dependency.
defclass-stdA shortcut macro to write DEFCLASS forms quickly.
André Miranda
André Miranda
(GIT git@github.com:EuAndreh/defclass-std.git)
LLGPL
# defclass-std - Standard class writing macro
[](http://quickdocs.org/defclass-std/)
[](https://travis-ci.org/EuAndreh/defclass-std)
[](https://circleci.com/gh/EuAndreh/defclass-std)
[](https://coveralls.io/r/EuAndreh/defclass-std?branch=master)
Most times, when sketching out a new class, I often commit lots of typos and forget to add an ‘:initform‘.
Also, the throw away class designed in the beginning may thrive and stay the same. If only there was a way to overcome these problems... There is!
This simple macro atempts to give a very DRY and succint interface to the common ‘DEFCLASS‘ form. The goal is to offer most of the capabilities of a normal ‘DEFCLASS‘, only in a more compact way.
Everything compiles down to ‘DEFCLASS‘.
## Usage
“‘lisp
* (ql:quickload :defclass-std)
; => (:DEFCLASS-STD)
* (import ’defclass-std:defclass/std)
; => T
“‘
A simple class defined with ‘DEFCLASS/STD‘ looks like this:
“‘lisp
(defclass/std example ()
((slot1 slot2 slot3)))
; which expands to:
(DEFCLASS EXAMPLE ()
((SLOT1 :ACCESSOR SLOT1 :INITARG :SLOT1 :INITFORM NIL)
(SLOT2 :ACCESSOR SLOT2 :INITARG :SLOT2 :INITFORM NIL)
(SLOT3 :ACCESSOR SLOT3 :INITARG :SLOT3 :INITFORM NIL)))
“‘
As you can see, by default, the macro adds three options:
1. ‘:accessor‘ + the name of the slot
2. ‘:initarg‘ + the name of the slot
3. ‘:initform nil‘
If you want to change the ‘:initform‘ value, you can use the ‘:std‘ option:
“‘lisp
(defclass std-test ()
((slot :std 1)))
; expands to:
(DEFCLASS STD-TEST ()
((SLOT :ACCESSOR SLOT :INITARG :SLOT :INITFORM 1)))
“‘
If you want to omit the ‘:initform‘ option, you have two ways:
1. Use ‘:std :unbound‘ explicitly
2. Change the value of ‘*default-std*‘. By default it is set to ‘T‘, so, when the ‘:std‘ option is omitted, ‘:initform‘ is set to nil. When ‘*default-std*‘ is set to nil, ‘:initform‘ is omitted when ‘:std‘ is omitted.
“‘lisp
(defclass/std omit-std ()
((slot :std :unbound)))
; which is (semantically) equivalent to:
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
(setf *default-std* nil))
(defclass/std omit-std ()
((slot)))
; which (both) expands to:
(DEFCLASS OMIT-STD ()
((SLOT :ACCESSOR SLOT :INITARG :SLOT)))
“‘
‘:a‘, ‘:i‘, ‘:r‘ and ‘:w‘ are connected: when all of them are omitted, ‘:a‘ and ‘:i‘ are inserted by default.
‘:a‘ stands for ‘:accessor‘, ‘:i‘ stands for ‘:initarg‘, ‘:r‘ stands for ‘:reader‘ and ‘:w‘ stands for ‘:writer‘.
If any of those is present, the default (‘:a‘ and ‘:i‘) is omitted.
“‘lisp
(defclass/std airw ()
((slot1 slot2)
(slot3 slot4 :r)
(slot5 :w)
(slot6 :a)
(slot7 :ri)))
; which expands to:
(DEFCLASS AIRW ()
((SLOT1 :ACCESSOR SLOT1 :INITARG :SLOT1 :INITFORM NIL)
(SLOT2 :ACCESSOR SLOT2 :INITARG :SLOT2 :INITFORM NIL)
(SLOT3 :READER SLOT3 :INITFORM NIL)
(SLOT4 :READER SLOT4 :INITFORM NIL)
(SLOT5 :WRITER SLOT5 :INITFORM NIL)
(SLOT6 :ACCESSOR SLOT6 :INITFORM NIL)
(SLOT7 :READER SLOT7 :INITARG :SLOT7 :INITFORM NIL)))
“‘
Note that slot7 has an ‘:ri‘ option. That’s just ‘:r‘ and ‘:i‘ together.
If you want to use ‘:r‘ and ‘:w‘ together, use ‘:a‘ instead, or you’ll get an error. The same stands for ‘:a‘ + ‘:r‘ and ‘:a‘ + ‘:w‘.
You can choose to add the class name as a prefix for the acessor/reader/writer function. Just put ‘:with‘ or ‘:with-prefix‘ option.
“‘lisp
(defclass/std example ()
((slot1 :with)
(slot2)))
; which expands to:
(DEFCLASS EXAMPLE ()
((SLOT1 :ACCESSOR EXAMPLE-SLOT1 :INITARG :SLOT1 :INITFORM NIL)
(SLOT2 :ACCESSOR SLOT2 :INITARG :SLOT2 :INITFORM NIL)))
“‘
To make a slot static (class-allocated), use ‘:@@‘ or ‘:static‘.
To declare the type of a slot or to add documentation to a slot, use ‘:type‘ and ‘:doc‘, respectively.
For real quick, concise, dense and standard class definitions, use ‘CLASS/STD‘:
“‘lisp
(class/std example slot1 slot2 slot3)
; which expands to:
(DEFCLASS/STD EXAMPLE ()
((SLOT1 SLOT2 SLOT3)))
; which expands to:
(DEFCLASS EXAMPLE ()
((SLOT1 :ACCESSOR SLOT1 :INITARG :SLOT1 :INITFORM NIL)
(SLOT2 :ACCESSOR SLOT2 :INITARG :SLOT2 :INITFORM NIL)
(SLOT3 :ACCESSOR SLOT3 :INITARG :SLOT3 :INITFORM NIL)))
“‘
You can also add the prefix by default by changing the value of the ‘*with-prefix*‘ special variable (defaults to ‘nil‘):
“‘lisp
(eval-when (:compile-toplevel :load-toplevel :execute)
(setf *with-prefix* t))
(defclass/std pre ()
((fix)))
; which expands to:
(DEFCLASS PRE ()
((FIX :ACCESSOR PRE-FIX :INITARG :FIX)))
“‘
Unknown keywords are left intact:
“‘lisp
(defclass/std unknown ()
((slot :unknown :keywords)))
; which expands to:
(DEFCLASS UNKNOWN ()
((SLOT :ACCESSOR SLOT :INITARG :SLOT :INITFORM NIL :KEYWORDS :UNKNOWN)))
; Or, even using custom accessors:
(defclass/std unknown ()
((slot :unknown :wi :keywords)))
; which expands to:
(DEFCLASS UNKNOWN ()
((SLOT :WRITER SLOT :INITARG :SLOT :INITFORM NIL :KEYWORDS :UNKNOWN)))
“‘
## Examples
“‘lisp
(defclass/std computer (gadget)
((screen mouse keyboard :a :type string :with-prefix)
(bluetooth touchpad :wi)
(speaker microphone :r)
(place :@@ :with :doc "Where it is" :r)
(owner :static :std "Me" :w)))
; expands to:
(DEFCLASS COMPUTER (GADGET)
((SCREEN :ACCESSOR COMPUTER-SCREEN :INITFORM NIL :TYPE STRING)
(MOUSE :ACCESSOR COMPUTER-MOUSE :INITFORM NIL :TYPE STRING)
(KEYBOARD :ACCESSOR COMPUTER-KEYBOARD :INITFORM NIL :TYPE STRING)
(BLUETOOTH :WRITER BLUETOOTH :INITARG :BLUETOOTH :INITFORM NIL)
(TOUCHPAD :WRITER TOUCHPAD :INITARG :TOUCHPAD :INITFORM NIL)
(SPEAKER :READER SPEAKER :INITFORM NIL)
(MICROPHONE :READER MICROPHONE :INITFORM NIL)
(PLACE :READER COMPUTER-PLACE :INITFORM NIL :ALLOCATION :CLASS
:DOCUMENTATION "Where it is")
(OWNER :WRITER OWNER :INITFORM "Me" :ALLOCATION :CLASS)))
“‘
Real life examples:
From [cl-inflector](https://github.com/AccelerationNet/cl-inflector/blob/master/langs.lisp][cl-inflector):
“‘lisp
(defclass language ()
((name :accessor name :initarg :name :initform nil)
(plurals :accessor plurals :initarg :plurals :initform nil)
(singulars :accessor singulars :initarg :singulars :initform nil)
(uncountables :accessor uncountables :initarg :uncountables :initform nil)
(irregulars :accessor irregulars :initarg :irregulars :initform nil)))
; could be written:
(defclass/std language ()
((name plurals singulars uncountables irregulars)))
; or, using CLASS/STD:
(class/std language name plurals singulars uncountables irregulars)
“‘
From [clack](https://github.com/fukamachi/clack/blob/9804d0b57350032ebdcf8539bae376b5528ac1f6/src/core/handler.lisp):
“‘lisp
(defclass <handler> ()
((server-name :type keyword
:initarg :server-name
:accessor server-name)
(acceptor :initarg :acceptor
:accessor acceptor)))
; could be written (with *default-std* set to nil)
(defclass/std language ()
((server-name :type keyword)
(acceptor)))
“‘
From [RESTAS](https://github.com/archimag/restas/blob/3e37f868141c785d2468fab342d57cca2e2a40dd/src/route.lisp):
“‘lisp
(defclass route (routes:route)
((symbol :initarg :symbol :reader route-symbol)
(module :initarg :module :initform nil :reader route-module)
(required-method :initarg :required-method :initform nil
:reader route-required-method)
(arbitrary-requirement :initarg :arbitrary-requirement :initform nil
:reader route-arbitrary-requirement)
(render-method :initarg :render-method :initform #’identity)
(headers :initarg :headers :initform nil :reader route-headers)
(variables :initarg :variables :initform nil)
(additional-variables :initarg :additional-variables :initform nil)))
; could be written
(defclass/std route (routes-route)
((symbol :ri :with-prefix :std :unbound)
(module required-method arbitrary-requirement
headers variables additional-variables :ri)
(render-method :i :std #’identity)
(header :ir)))
“‘
From [defclass-star example](http://common-lisp.net/project/defclass-star/configuration.lisp.html):
“‘lisp
(defclass configuration ()
((package-name :type symbol :initarg :package-name :accessor package-name-of)
(package-nicknames :initform ’() :initarg :package-nicknames :accessor package-nicknames-of)
(included-files :initform ’() :initarg :included-files :accessor included-files-of)
(gccxml-path :initform "gccxml" :initarg :gccxml-path :accessor gccxml-path-of)
(gccxml-flags :initform "" :initarg :gccxml-flags :accessor gccxml-flags-of)
(hidden-symbols :initform ’() :initarg :hidden-symbols :accessor hidden-symbols-of)
(output-filename :initform nil :initarg :output-filename :accessor output-filename-of)
(options :initform (standard-configuration-options)
:initarg :options
:accessor options-of)
(symbol-export-filter :initform ’standard-symbol-export-filter
:type (or (function (symbol)) symbol)
:initarg :symbol-export-filter
:accessor symbol-export-filter-of)
(function-name-transformer :initform ’standard-name-transformer
:type (or (function (string)) symbol)
:initarg :function-name-transformer
:accessor function-name-transformer-of)
(variable-name-transformer :initform ’standard-name-transformer
:type (or (function (string)) symbol)
:initarg :variable-name-transformer
:accessor variable-name-transformer-of)
(type-name-transformer :initform ’standard-name-transformer
:type (or (function (string)) symbol)
:initarg :type-name-transformer
:accessor type-name-transformer-of)
(temp-directory :initform (make-pathname :directory "/tmp")
:initarg :temp-directory
:accessor temp-directory-of)
(working-directory :initform *default-pathname-defaults*
:initarg :working-directory
:accessor working-directory-of)))
;;; And the equivalent defclass* version (56 tree leaves):
(defclass* configuration ()
((package-name
:type symbol)
(package-nicknames ’())
(included-files ’())
(gccxml-path "gccxml")
(gccxml-flags "")
(hidden-symbols ’())
(output-filename nil)
(options (standard-configuration-options))
(symbol-export-filter ’standard-symbol-export-filter
:type (or (function (symbol)) symbol))
(function-name-transformer ’standard-name-transformer
:type (or (function (string)) symbol))
(variable-name-transformer ’standard-name-transformer
:type (or (function (string)) symbol))
(type-name-transformer ’standard-name-transformer
:type (or (function (string)) symbol))
(temp-directory (make-pathname :directory "/tmp"))
(working-directory *default-pathname-defaults*)))
;; And the equivalent defclass/std version (46 tree leaves):
(defclass/std configuration ()
((package-name :type symbol :std :unbound)
(package-nicknames included-files hidden-symbols output-filename)
(gccxml-path :std "gccxml")
(gccxml-flags :std "")
(options :std (standard-configuration-options))
(symbol-export-filter :std ’standard-symbol-export-filter
:type (or (function (symbol)) symbol))
(function-name-transformer variable-name-transformer type-name-transformer
:std ’standard-name-transformer
:type (or (function (string)) symbol))
(temp-directory :std (make-pathname :directory "/tmp"))
(working-directory :std *default-pathname-defaults*)))
“‘
From [cl-hue](https://github.com/jd/cl-hue/blob/master/cl-hue.lisp):
“‘lisp
(defclass light ()
((bridge :initarg :bridge :accessor light-bridge)
(number :initarg :number :accessor light-number)
(type :initarg :type :accessor light-type)
(name :initarg :name :accessor light-name)
(modelid :initarg :modelid :accessor light-modelid)
(uniqueid :initarg :uniqueid :accessor light-uniqueid)
(swversion :initarg :swversion :accessor light-swversion)
(pointsymbol :initarg :pointsymbol :accessor light-pointsymbol)
(on :initarg :on :accessor light-on-p)
(brightness :initarg :brightness :accessor light-brightness)
(hue :initarg :hue :accessor light-hue)
(saturation :initarg :saturation :accessor light-saturation)
(xy :initarg :xy :accessor light-xy)
(ct :initarg :ct :accessor light-ct)
(alert :initarg :alert :accessor light-alert)
(effect :initarg :effect :accessor light-effect)
(colormode :initarg :colormode :accessor light-colormode)
(reachable :initarg :reachable :accessor light-reachable-p)))
; could be written:
(defclass/std light ()
((bridge number type name modelid uniqueid swversion pointsymbol on brightness
hue saturation xy ct alert effect colormode reachable
:with-prefix :std :unbound)))
; or, using class/std:
(class/std light
bridge number type name modelid uniqueid swversion pointsymbol on brightness
hue saturation xy ct alert effect colormode reachable
:std :unbound :with)
; or, with *default-std* set to nil and *with-prefix* set to t:
(class/std light
bridge number type name modelid uniqueid swversion pointsymbol on brightness
hue saturation xy ct alert effect colormode reachable)
“‘
There’s a shortcut to setup a basic printing behaviour of a class, using ‘printing-unreadably‘:
“‘lisp
(printing-unreadably (field2 field3) (class/std myclass field1 field2 field3))
; which expands to:
(PROGN
(CLASS/STD MYCLASS FIELD1 FIELD2 FIELD3)
(DEFMETHOD PRINT-OBJECT ((MYCLASS MYCLASS) #:STREAM1722)
(PRINT-UNREADABLE-OBJECT (MYCLASS #:STREAM1722 :TYPE T :IDENTITY T)
(FORMAT #:STREAM1722 "FIELD2: ~s, FIELD3: ~s"
(FIELD2 MYCLASS) (FIELD3 MYCLASS)))))
“‘
## Dependencies
This project depends only on [Anaphora](http://common-lisp.net/project/anaphora/) and [Alexandria](https://common-lisp.net/project/alexandria/) libraries. The test package uses the [prove](github.com/fukamachi/prove) test library.
## Installation
Available on [Quicklisp](http://quicklisp.org):
“‘
(ql:quickload :defclass-std)
“‘
## Bugs
If you find any bug or inconsistency in the code, or if you find it too hard to use, please, feel free to open an issue.
## Tests
This library is tested under [ABCL](https://common-lisp.net/project/armedbear/), [SBCL](http://www.sbcl.org/), [CCL](http://ccl.clozure.com/), [CLISP](http://www.clisp.org/) and [ECL](https://common-lisp.net/project/ecl/) Common Lisp implementations.
To run all the defined tests, use:
“‘lisp
* (asdf:test-system :defclass-std)
; prints lots of (colorful) stuff...
; => T
“‘
Tests are ran with [Travis CI](https://travis-ci.org/EuAndreh/defclass-std) and [Circle CI](https://circleci.com/gh/EuAndreh/defclass-std) using [cl-travis](https://github.com/luismbo/cl-travis), [CIM](https://github.com/KeenS/CIM), [cl-coveralls](https://github.com/fukamachi/cl-coveralls) and [Roswell](https://github.com/snmsts/roswell). Check it out!
## Authors
+ [André Miranda](https://github.com/EuAndreh)
+ [Joram Schrijver](https://github.com/jorams)
## License
[LLGPL](https://tldrlegal.com/license/lisp-lesser-general-public-license#fulltext).
0.1.1
alexandria (system).
anaphora (system).
Modules are listed depth-first from the system components tree.
defclass-std/srcdefclass-std (system).
defclass-std.lisp (file).
Files are sorted by type and then listed depth-first from the systems components trees.
defclass-std/src/defclass-std.lispsrc (module).
*default-std* (special variable).
*with-prefix* (special variable).
class/std (macro).
defclass/std (macro).
printing-unreadably (macro).
*default-added-keywords* (special variable).
*fusionable-keywords* (special variable).
*fusioned-keyword-combinations* (special variable).
*paired-keywords* (special variable).
*standalone-keywords* (special variable).
check-for-repeated-keywords (function).
extract-slot-names (function).
extract-unkown-keywords (function).
process-slots (function).
remove-all (function).
replace-keywords (function).
split-fusioned-keywords (function).
Packages are listed by definition order.
defclass-stdMain (and only) project package.
common-lisp.
*default-std* (special variable).
*with-prefix* (special variable).
class/std (macro).
defclass/std (macro).
printing-unreadably (macro).
*default-added-keywords* (special variable).
*fusionable-keywords* (special variable).
*fusioned-keyword-combinations* (special variable).
*paired-keywords* (special variable).
*standalone-keywords* (special variable).
check-for-repeated-keywords (function).
extract-slot-names (function).
extract-unkown-keywords (function).
process-slots (function).
remove-all (function).
replace-keywords (function).
split-fusioned-keywords (function).
Definitions are sorted by export status, category, package, and then by lexicographic order.
Special var that changes the behaviour of the DEFCLASS/STD macro. If true, adds a :initform nil by default to every field, when unespecified. If false, adds nothing.
Special var that changes the behaviour of the DEFCLASS/STD macro. If tru, adds the class name as a prefix to every accessor/reader/writer function. If false, without the :with/:with-prefix slot option, adds nothing.
Shortcut macro to the DEFCLASS/STD macro.
Shortcut macro to the DEFCLASS macro. See README for syntax and usage.
Automatically generates the unreadable printing boiler plate to print classes and its fields (from FIELDS-LIST).
Default abbreviated keywords added when none is found.
All abbreviated keywords that can be fusioned.
All possible combinations of :a, :i, :r and :w.
Verifies if keyword options were repeated. Mainly useful for avoiding things like (:A :AI) together, or (:R :W) instead of (:A).
Finds all slot names in the LINE.
Finds pairs of unknown-keywords (and optional values) in LINE.
Returns the expanded list of DIRECT-SLOTS.
Applies remove recursively. Serves as a version of apeWEOFJIAOPWEIF that keeps the original sequence in the same order.
Receives a list of slots with keywords and returns a list of lists. Each sublist is a single slot, with all the options appended at the end.
Splits the fusioned keyword option, if present.
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